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США : Green Card

Для того, чтобы обозначить intent к CP, надо не просто чекнуть боксик в I-140 Part 4, а нужно ещё где-нибудь на полях (на видном месте и красным фломастером :)) написать что-то типа "Applicant wants to process in Consulate Overseas. Does not want to adjust". Боксик всё же чекнуть стоит (скорее для того, чтобы I-140 включала информацию, какой у тебя родной Consulate), но там лишь сказано куда посылать approved I-140 в случае если AOS тебе заказан, а на CP шансы есть (это, например, покрывает случаи если ты был вне статуса хоть сколько-то).

Если I-140 уже зафайлена без обозначения CP, то для перехода AOS -> CP нужны дополнительные телодвижения, при этом если I-140 ещё не заапрувлена, то может пройти поправка к петиции (50/50), иначе придётся зафайливать специальную форму в INS, и срок ожидания сильно возрастает. Если в чекбоксике написать Consular Processing, а потом все-таки сменить на AOS, то это будет вроде недолго и вроде надежно. И более того - NVC лишний раз переспросит перед самым отсылом в консулат. Более того - этого нельзя избежать (правда я шёл стандартным путём, без AC-140), и приходится тратить пару-тройку месяцев на подтверждение своего желания ехать в Москву процессить.

Вот несколько линков с сайта где я почерпнул бОльшую часть информации о CP:

• www.imminfo.com/FAQ/FAQ%20Consular%20processing.html
• www.imminfo.com/immigrants/employment/employment%20based%20immigration.html
• www.imminfo.com/immigrants/Consular%20IV/Consular%20IV%20processing.html и discussion board
• www.imminfo.com:8080/~imminfo

Мой примерный timeline:
06/99 I-140 filed (at Vermont Service Center)
09/99 I-140 approved
09/99 NVC receives case
10/99 CP confirmation processed by NVC
12/99 Packet III received from NVC
12/99 Packet III filled out and sent to Moscow
02/00 Packet IV received from Moscow
04/00 Interview (passed :))

Есть несколько отличий между CP и AOS:

• Hужно получать Police Clearance в Москве (во всех местных police depts, где ты был резидентом > 6 мес, исключения - США и нек. другие страны, но для России - надо). Делался отсюда, в отделении милиции по месту прописки, заняло 2 мес.
• Hужно проходить medical examination в Москве. В Packet IV входит вся подробная информация о клиниках, которые этим занимаются; я выбрал АО "Медицина" - тест в целом такой же как и тут (кровь из вены, рентген грудной клетки), они же вкололи требуемые прививки (хотя вроде были готовы рассмотреть серьёзные бумажки об их наличии, но у меня их всё равно не было :)), результат готов на след. день после обеда - $130.
• Время :)

Процесс интервью во многом совпадает с описаниями людей из Imminfo_discussion_board::Personal_Experiences. Hо каверзный вопрос всё же задали - на что я честно ответил, что в момент принятия решения среднее время ожидания AOS составляло 2+ года, причём процессинг стоял совсем (кстати сейчас вроде лучше стало), а поскольку вы все делаете очень time sensitive, то я выбрал CP. Остальные вопросы были повторением уже изложенного мной в анкете, а также чего я делаю и чего делает компания (вероятно здесь стоит быть весьма аккуратным, дабы не залезть в противоречия с LC). Всё интервью заняло минут 5 (хотя ожидания в разных очередях составили часа 4). Вечером того же дня выдали пухлый конверт с пристепленной к нему иммиграционной визой (цветастой и с обилием всяких штампиков как и положено :)). Всё это добро отбирают на иммиграционном контроле в Port of Entry, ставят штамп в паспорт и снимают отпечаток пальца, and there you go... карточку ещё не прислали пока, но вроде как должны за пару-тройку месяцев.

Адвокат прислал сравнение CP .vs. AOS. Hичего нового, но уж больно складно, само в FAQ просится:

This memo will summarize the differences, including the benefits and drawbacks, of processing for U.S. permanent residency through visa processing abroad or adjustment of status in the U.S.

Adjustment of Status (Form I-485) in the U.S.

Once the I-140 petition is approved, you and qualifying family members can file for adjustment of status ("AOS") (Form I-485) in the United States. The AOS application includes numerous forms that must be completed by you. In addition, you must submit the results of a medical examination by an INS-approved doctor in a sealed envelope. Current processing time for adjustment of status applications is approximately two years.

At the time that the application is filed, we could simultaneously file for an employment authorization document ("EAD") and advance parole ("AP") for each applicant. Current processing time for an EAD and AP is approximately three to four months.

While your AOS is pending, you may travel internationally either on an unexpired H or L visa or your advance parole. If you have both, we recommend you use your unexpired visa. Please call us in advance of any travel abroad.

Visa Processing Abroad ("Consular Processing")

Consular processing is an alternative to filing Form I-485 in the US. Consular processing requires you (and accompanying family members) to process the green card at the American Consulate of your country of birth, citizenship, or where you last had permanent resident status before coming to the U.S. Consular processing requires at least one trip (and sometimes two or even three trips) back to this American Consulate.

To request consular processing, the employer should indicate the intent of consular processing on the Form I-140. When the INS approves the Form I-140, they will automatically forward your file to the National Visa Center ("NVC") to initiate consular processing at the American Consulate designated on the form. The NVC will then send you (or the immigration attorneys) a packet of forms to complete and return. In most cases, you will need to obtain police certificates and health records. Upon receipt of the completed forms, you (and your family, if applicable) will be scheduled for an interview. The consular post will also require you to obtain a medical examination by a consular-approved physician immediately before the interview. You will then need to go abroad prior to the interview to complete the medical exam. You will have to be abroad anywhere from a few days to a few weeks, depending on the backlog for medical appointments at the designated medical facility.

The interview will take place with a consular officer at the consular post. The interview will include a review of all of the documents submitted to the consular post and a discussion of your employment position in the United States. Upon approval, you will be issued an immigrant visa in a sealed envelope, for submission to the INS Inspecting Officer at time of entering the United States.

If your employer has already filed Form I-140 for you and consular processing was not indicated, we will need to prepare Form I-824 on your behalf to request consular processing. Form I-824 can only be sent to the INS after the Form I-140 has been approved. Alternatively, several American Consulates are also accepting an attorney-certified copy of the approved Form I-140 and supporting documents, on an ad hoc basis. In other words, in some cases a Form I-824 may not be required in order to initiate consular processing. This ad-hoc practice of accepting an attorney-certified copy of the I-140 approval and documents is discretionary and is not an established process officially recognized by the Department of State. However, we have been successful utilizing this method in some countries.

What are the Advantages of Consular Processing over Adjustment of Status (Form I-485)?

Speed. Currently, the Form I-485 is taking approximately two years for approval (and this processing time is likely to increase). Consular processing (when requested at the I-140 stage) can take approximately six (sometimes less) to 12 months after approval of the I-140. When requested after approval of the I-140, current processing time for the I-824 is approximately 12 months, plus the six (sometimes less) to 12 months to be scheduled for an interview at the consular post.

What are the Advantages of Adjustment of Status (Form I-485) over Consular Processing?

Form I-485 benefits include:

• Employment Authorization Document (EAD) for you and accompanying family members within three to four months of filing the I-485. This will provide work authorization for your spouse or children (if applicable), and for you in the event you have reached the maximum allowable time in nonimmigrant status (H-1B, L-1, etc.)
• Attorney representation during the whole process and at the interview, if scheduled. If you choose to consular process, the attorney cannot accompany you to the interview at the American Consulate.
• No time lost from work/school while you and your family travel to the American Consulate. In addition, note that the Consulates will often schedule the interview with very short notice - two to four weeks, resulting in high airfares to travel abroad and disruptions.

Risks Associated with Consular Processing

The American Consulates exercise complete discretion when reviewing applications, and their decision is not appealable. If there is anything unusual about your employment history or immigration history, (e.g., past criminal record, entering on a B-1 to work in the US, medical problem, etc...), you should consult with us prior to deciding to consular process.

Finally, please note that if you are married prior to issuance of the immigrant visa or final adjustment of status (i.e., approval of the I-485), your spouse would be able to enter the U.S. as a permanent resident. If you are married after issuance of the immigrant visa (or approval of I-485), you would need to sponsor your spouse by filing an I-130 Petition for Alien Relative. Spouses of permanent residents fall into the Family-Based "Second Preference A" category, which is currently backlogged many years. Thus, if you are married AFTER becoming a permanent resident, your spouse typically would NOT be able join you in the U.S. for 4-5 years.

http://immigration.andrewz.org/us/us_gc/us_gc_cp.html * Контактные адреса * Авторские права * 07.05.2007